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E lectricity bill have to be paid for the energy you have utilized in the form of electricity. Electricity company bill you for your energy consumption in kwh. A kwh energy is said to be consumed, if a 1kw consuming device or appratus is stayed turned ON for one hour. This is the simplest definition you can find at various other website too. But there is a something you have to bother about. The electricity bill, for instance a 1HP(745W) motor, can be higher than what the device is consuming. The reason is that often devices or apparatus, like motor, have capacitance and inductance associated with them. Because of these, inductance and capacitance, the power factor is less than one. which results in extra loads to the transmission system and hence, electricity company charges for these unnecessary load. Don't worry if you so not understand power factor at this point of time.In very simple form, remember, the more the power factor, lower will be the reactive power consumtion(A power...

If you are in the maintenance department, in a plastic processing factory, you may have came across the stated Problem. In this article, let’s try to address this issue with a practical point of view.    Cartridge Heater seems the only viable source of concentrated heat in the dies. These heaters have a relatively short life as compared to other similar heater used in industry. The problem even gets worse, when these heater get stuck in the dies. The Reason for it is that, when the heater starts heating, due to thermal expanding, the circumference of the heater expands and thus the heater fits the bore size very tightly. While this property of expansion is beneficial, as it results in getting rid of air pockets, that remains in between the bore and heater body, It become a headache for the service personnel to remove the heater after its failure. Some urge the concept, that, while heating the heater expands, on the other hand why does not it shrink on cooling. The r...

From this Image you may now have guessed what is this post about and about what we will be discussing further. Yes it is Ceramics which is widely used electrical insulation materials. But they aren't alone. There are other materials as well often termed as modern ceramics which offer a great deal of customization according to need. Ceramics have been known to human kind from ancient civilization, mainly for use as utensils. But now in the modern world they are mostly being used in electrical and electronic industries, Pharmaceuticals, Furnace Bricks and Lining, Glass, Cement, pottery, Sanitary wares. From now we Confine our self with the use of ceramics in regards to Industrial Heating in general and with electrical Heater in particular. To Start with, We might ask ourself  the question: why only ceramics is use in electrical heater? To answer this lets start in the reverse direction i.e by asking  when will a substance conduct an electrical current?. Any substance carr...

Before Reading this post, I would recommend you to see my post on Electric Heater Working Principle for sake of clarity. In the manufacturing of electric heater, a resistance material, often in the form of wire or strip, is used as resistance wire. This Wire is formed into suitable form, Usually coiled, according to end requirement. This coil wire or resistance material is made to surround by insulating material so that only heat can be passed thru it while insulating it from live current carrying conductor. But here is the trick, we have studied in our high school that a bad conductor of heat is also bad conductor of electricity. So how can the insulation material will hold back the current while allow to heat to pass through it?. Actually a compromise is made so that the material will allow some heat to travel through it, while also allowing some electric current in the form of leakage current to get to the sheath material. But the compromise is made in such a way that it favors hea...

    A n induction heater, as the name suggest works on the principle of induction. Here by the term Induction means to induce, induce an electric current. This induce electric current is also called eddy currents. In these type of heater, the principle of heating is same, the resistance heat produce due to resistance of the material to the flow of electric current. But in this system, we are not providing an external Voltage potential source, which, in conventional electric heating provide the required potential for the electrons to flow, Instead we are making the electrons to flow in to fro direction because of rapidly changing polarity. The change in Polarity is made by electromagnetic radiation that impinges to the surface of the material to be heated by a suitable formed emitter, usually formed  as a coil. Based on the frequency, the polarity changes form +ve to -ve and again form -ve  to again +ve a number of times in a given time. Because of this changin...